The company pays lower than industry standard in most cases and even the promotional raise is pretty minimal. Even when people move to different groups, there is no raise, so after contribution to company and building skills, the company doesn't seem to value the employee.
Additionally, based on the organization structure and policies, promotion is limited at the highest level in teams by the number of people at that level, which is understandable. However, in some cases, teammates in the lowest level who are not able to contribute or perform as well as the mid-level team members (unable to be promoted) are allowed to be promoted to the next level and receive salary increase, which results in many team members at the same (mid-level) with varying skills and experience.
There is also high turnover of mid-level and higher management in some teams, which also slows career growth and it is even worse when the manager that takes over the team has limited or no experience in the type of work that team does because the manager may have different (or even no) expectations and conflict with experienced team members. Company policy results in highly-skilled, experienced members underpaid and unexperienced members promoted and paid.