OOPS: Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods. The data is usually hidden from other objects so that the only way to affect the data is through the object’s functions (or methods). It has things like inheritance, abstraction, polymorphism,encapsulation, method overloading/overriding etc.. IPS/IDS: IDS - Intrusion Detection System - very much like a CCTV camera at the entrace. . Is a passive system that scans incoming traffic. Once the IDS identifies dangerous/suspicious traffic, it sends alerts to IPS . IPS - Intrusion Prevention System - actively blocks or prevent intrusions. . Once unwelcomed packets are identified, IPS puts them in quarantine or drops them . IDS and IPS are not 2 different physical devices. Combined into next generation firewalls.